Confronting the Negative Within

 

Human beings are prone to accent the negative over the positive. As we have evolved, negativity bias may have given us a biological advantage to avoid dangers in our environment; however, in the modern world, negativity bias can significantly impact our perceptions of ourselves and the world around us, leading to depression, decreased productivity, and relationship discord.

In a very interesting study of newlyweds, Gottman et al. postulated that it takes five “positive” interactions for every one “negative” interaction to maintain a happy relationship. Consider how this 5:1 rule might impact other situations in your life.

In depression, negativity bias strongly affects mood and blinds us to the goodness in our lives. Awareness of our negativity bias is the first step to overcoming it. Positive psychology teaches us that a daily practice of gratitude can temper our negativity bias and lead to greater happiness.

Two simple ways of practicing daily gratitude include gratitude journaling and gratitude meditation. Gratitude journaling involves writing out things you are grateful for in your life. For example, I may write about my health, my pets, my home, my family, my job, my friends, etc. As I write, I consider how these things enrich my life. Another way to practice gratitude is to simply sit (preferably in a quiet place without distractions) and consciously reflect the positive things in your life. Personally, I find it helpful to visualize these things as I reflect on them.

The two practices I have outlined above may seem simplistic, but they can have a profound impact on reducing our negativity bias and lead to greater happiness. The more we focus on the light at the end of the tunnel the less aware we are of the darkness around us.

I am grateful for all my readers.

References:

Gottman, J. M., Coan, J., Carrere, S., & Swanson, C. (1998). Predicting marital happiness and stability from newlywed interactions. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 5-22.

Rozin, P., & Royzman, E. B. (2001). Negativity bias, negativity dominance, and contagion. Personality and social psychology review5(4), 296-320.

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Why Fiber and Whole Grains Are so Important

You’ve probably heard it on TV. Likely, you’ve also heard it from your doctor, or on the cover of those magazines at the checkout aisle. You know from these sources that whole grains are an important source of fiber, and fiber is good for you. But why is that? Let me break it down for you.

whole grain is any grain that is not processed. Whole grains have three parts: the bran, germ and endosperm. The bran and germ are rich in fiber and nutrients. Processing a grain leaves only the endosperm. Examples of processed grains include white flour and white rice. Products like brown rice, and whole wheat breads are made with whole grains.

To put a little spin on things, there are two types of fiber: soluble and insoluble. When many of us think of fiber, we think of insoluble fiber. It is found in vegetables and whole grains. Because the body can’t digest insoluble fiber, it adds bulk to our stools and speeds up digestion. On the other hand, soluble fiber forms a gel that slows digestion. Soluble fiber is found in many products including whole grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and some fruits and vegetables.

Besides as a source of calories, processed grains have almost no benefit. In fact, long-term consumption of processed grains is associated with disease states like diabetes, heart disease, high cholesterol, and colorectal cancer. Why is this?

Because processed grains contain no soluble or insoluble fiber, they are generally high in calories and rapidly absorbed into the blood stream. This pancreas responds to this glucose spike by making insulin, which tells the cells in the body to take it up. Over time, these massive glucose spikes cause the pancreas and the cells to get worn out. The cells become less responsive to the insulin produced by the pancreas (impaired glucose sensitivity) and the pancreas gets worn out by having to increase insulin production to compensate. Over time this results in diabetes.

Processed grains are absorbed as sugar (glucose) and when the bodies basic energy needs are met, glucose is turned into fat. Therefore, the primary cause of obesity is not the consumption of fatty foods but sugary ones. High consumption of processed grains (white breads, white rice) and other sugary products are associated with elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, which are also associated with cardiovascular disease (heart attacks and strokes).

To make matters worse, colon health is dependent on an adequate consumption of soluble and insoluble fibers. Fiber maintains the tone of the colon and is associated with decreased rates of colorectal cancer. Soluble fiber slows the absorption of glucose into the blood stream giving the pancreas and cells an adequate amount of time to facilitate their absorption. Additionally, high fiber foods are generally lower in calories and promote satiety (a sense of fullness), which means less of your food will be converted into fat stores or turned into cholesterol.

Choosing whole grain (brown) pastas, breads, and rices is an easy way to improve your health today and prevent disease down the road. Bon appetite!

rice grain

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Discipline is Freedom

All of us want freedom. Freedom is thought to be a source of happiness. This is only partially true. You can be free and not happy; however, with freedom comes a greater opportunity for happiness.

Many of us think we are free, but we are not. We are prisoners of debt, bad relationships, and our own thoughts and emotions. In many ways, we have offered ourselves freely over to bondage because we think somehow it will make us happier.

In the human condition, there are three kinds of freedom: freedom of movement; freedom of body/speech; and, freedom of mind/spirit. Being free in all of these areas creates the greatest opportunity for happiness.

Sadly, people often leverage their freedom in search of happiness. We take out student loans for college; we finance cars we can’t afford; we eat too much; we forgo exercise in favor of work; we commit to bad relationships; and, we let our thoughts, emotions, and speech run wild. We gave up our freedom for happiness and lost both in the process.

True freedom in born out of discipline. Discipline is about choosing wisely. Sometimes, discipline requires us to delay pleasure for future reward. Unlike freedom, discipline not only creates the potential for happiness, but also generates it through a disciplined mind. Discipline is a skill that can be practiced and improved on over time.

Listed below are a few examples of how discipline leads to greater freedom and happiness.

Discipline leads to financial freedom. Debt prevents us from achieving most of our long term goals. It keeps us in jobs we hate, in places we’d rather not live, and away from people we love. Being disciplined financially means saying no to debt whenever possible. It means living on a written budget and investing. If done wisely, financial discipline allows us to retire with dignity, and enjoy a life without having to worry about payments. Financial freedom gives us the opportunity to be free of our environments and travel more, which studies show increases happiness.

Discipline leads to physical freedom. Today, so many of us are overweight and in poor physical shape. We choose unhealthy foods and eat too much of them. As we gain weight, we become depressed and eat more. We try to work-out, but because we are out of shape, it is very difficult, and we give up easily. Over time, disease states like diabetes and hypertension set in, making it even harder for us to make changes. Physical discipline means counting calories and allocating time every day for fitness. Being disciplined with diet and exercise means greater food choice in the future. We can eat what we want when you want it without guilt. Being physically disciplined gives us greater freedom of mobility as we age; we won’t have to take pills or go on restrictive diets to manage disease states. We can do more, see more, and travel more because our bodies are healthy. Physical discipline also leads to a decrease in stress hormones and an improvement in mood.

Discipline leads to mental freedom. Many of us are trapped by our own minds. Our thoughts and emotions run wild. We focus on the negative, ignore the positive, and make false conclusions about people and situations. We allow our actions and words to be driven by emotion, which leads to interpersonal struggles, and internal states of anxiety and depression. Mental discipline involves learning to be mindful observers of our own thoughts and emotions. It means taking a daily inventory of what we are grateful for and learning to be more accepting of things that don’t go our way. Mental discipline involves trying to see a situation from another person’s perspective especially when they are at odds with us. It means learning to be an active listener and not reacting with strong emotions. Mental discipline allows us to be free from a turbulent mind and find more peace and enjoyment in our interactions with others.

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Transformation and Transcendence through Writing

 

2300 years ago the great Chinese philosopher Master Zhuang had a dream he was a butterfly. When he awoke, he was no longer certain whether he was a man who dreamed he was a butterfly or a butterfly who was dreaming he was a man.

Master Zhuang’s dream is one one of transformation and transcendence. It challenges the dichotomy of our reality. This is more than just a philosophical exercise. What we perceive as reality is only what our brains tell us is real. A good example is the McGurk Effect, which is presented clearly here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtsfidRq2tw

Transformation and transcendence are at the heart of the earliest human tales. Story helps us break down some of the artificial distinctions we place on ourselves and transcend our reality. This is true for reader and writer.

Readers transcend reality, writers transform it. 

Consider for a moment, the scientific advances foreseen by writers like Isaac Asimov, who predicted world-wide communication networks, flat screen televisions, unmanned space travel, and other technological advances. Science fiction begets science fact.

Now, consider the following question. Is Harry Potter real? Obviously, no; however, in terms of memory (a construction of past experience that does not exist), Harry Potter is no more real than the boy down the street who wears glasses. In fact, you might know more about Harry Potter than the boy down the street. Harry Potter may have even taught you things about friendship, love, and loyalty.

Perhaps, Master Zhuang’s dream can be interpreted in a different way. Perhaps, we are the butterfly and the man. Perhaps, that is the dichotomy that needs to be overcome. I wish I could tell you, but I’m only a writer…

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A Writing Cure for Loneliness?

In a previous post, I talk about the epidemic of loneliness in our country and its profound negative effects on health and well being.

https://thewritingsofjamesagapoff.wordpress.com/2019/08/03/loneliness-the-silent-killer/

Medical professionals often do not ask their patients about loneliness. This may be in part because they lack any interventions to recommend. Most lonely people have tried to improve their social circle, but many experience difficulty or rejection, which is negatively reinforcing. So what other activities can lonely people do to feel better?

I put forward that writing may be a helpful intervention for loneliness.

Writing is a prosocial activity. For example, blogging has a powerful ability to connect people across different countries and social divides. This interaction is engaging and worthwhile even if your blog receives only modest attention and readership. Writing for others gets you outside yourself and this brings a sense of satisfaction and wholeness.

Personally, I find fiction writing to be helpful for loneliness. Sometimes I look forward to catching up with my fictional characters all day. Together, we go on adventures, share relationships, and experience the ups-and-downs of conditioned existence. When I write, I am never lonely, and this feeling remains afterward.

The writing cure for loneliness is only speculative; however, all good treatments start with an idea, and unlike many interventions, the only side effect of too much writing is probably sore fingers. Happy writing!

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The French Paradox and Lifestyle Change

Diets don’t work. You may have tried different diets: Atkin’s, Paleo, South Beach, Juicing., etc. They work for a while but are almost impossible to maintain. The reason they don’t work is simple–they don’t let us eat what we want. Modern science is showing us that the only proven fountain of youth is caloric restriction. How then do we create a lifestyle that is sustainable, healthy, and enjoyable? The answer lies in the French Paradox.

The French Paradox is the epidemiological observation that the French people have relatively low incidents of coronary artery disease despite a diet rich in saturated fats (think butter, cheese, and fatty meats). The answer to the French Paradox is quality over quantity. The French eat what they want but they don’t over consume. They are in essence unintentionally watching their calorie count.

Portion sizes in the U.S. have doubled and event tripled over the last century compared to other countries. This has, in part, driven the obesity epidemic, and created ripe ground for fad diets to arise that promise fast results and little else.  Fad diets don’t work because they don’t represent lifestyle changes. They are easy to give up and as such are easily replaced by the next fad promising better results.

So make your diet a lifestyle. Eat what you want. Try as much as possible to make your diet plant based (I’m sorry carnivores, it’s healthier). Count your calories (eating less is the only true way to lose weight). Attempt to restrict your calories by 10% daily (the only true fountain of youth). If you adopt these changes, you will make for yourself a lifestyle that will give you longevity, happiness, and a slimmer waistline. 🙂

About the Author: Dr. Agapoff is a physician, psychiatrist, and nutritionist practicing in Honolulu, HI. In addition to blogging he publishes in academics and fiction. Visit his website to learn more https://www.jamesagapoff.com/writings

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Diet and Happiness: The Sweet Truth.

Can your diet effect your mood? Nutrition science says it can.

Scientists are finding that one of the factors that influences depression is diet. Evidence suggests that people who eat a Mediterranean diet, which is primarily plant based, and is low in saturated fats, decreases the risk of depression, especially later in life. Other studies have shown that eating vegetables compared to sugary unhealthy foods leads to greater indexes of happiness over time. This is supported to other research showing that diet interventions that are plant focused can improve depressive symptoms. These studies emphasis the importance of an integrated approach to mental health that includes nutrition.

Another very interesting area of research is gut microbiota. You’ve probably heard a little about this in the popular press. Some researchers describe a “brain-gut-axis” where the bacteria in our gut influence mood. The role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of depression has also been investigated. These studies have resulted in mixed results. It is interesting to note that people who are depressed and anxious do seem to have different bacterial flora than healthy individuals. This could be related to the stress hormones associated with aberrant mental health states. For optimal gut health, a diverse, high fiber, plant-based diet seems to be the key. Yogurt and probiotics can’t hurt, but they may only be part of the solution.

References:

https://www.forbes.com/sites/francesbridges/2019/01/26/food-makes-you-happy-a-healthy-diet-improves-mental-health/#1a61c7b126f8

https://www.psychiatry.org/newsroom/news-releases/new-research-adherence-to-mediterranean-diet-and-reduced-risk-of-late-life-depression

Can probiotics help treat depression and anxiety?

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Anything Can be an Object of Meditation

There are many practices of meditation. As a student of Tibetan Buddhism, I was introduced to the practice of visualization early on in my training. I do not profess to be a good student or realized in any way; however, in my studies I have come to find a few techniques that have helped me develop into a more focused person, and I hope, a better one.

In Tibetan Buddhism, deities are visualized to embody their qualities. They are not, as some believe, worshiped like Gods. For example in Vajrayogini practice, you visualize yourself as the wrathful deity to help you develop strength over the ego and worldly attachments.

The practice of visualization can have powerful transformative effects. However, you don’t need to be a Buddhist to practice this method. When a Christian asks themselves, “What would Christ do?” This is in fact the first step to visualization. I’ve heard some Christians walk the path Jesus took to the cross. This act of devotion places Christians in Christ’s steps and helps them form a closer connection to him. They might imagine what he felt, how he suffered, and what his sacrifice meant for all Christians.

In truth, anything or anyone can be an object of visualization. You may meditate by a stream, and thing “Let my mind be as free and clear as the water here.” Or you may gaze upon the image of a dragon and say, “Let me be as wise and strong as a dragon.” People can also be the objects of visualization.

For example, sometimes I visualize the Dalai Lama. In my visualization, I see him in his monk’s robes smiling. I note that he is happy despite losing his country and having few possessions. Then, I think about his kindness and tireless work for peace. As I do this visualization, I think, “Let me be as compassionate and forgiving as the Dalai Lama.”

So next time you have some idle time try visualization. You may find it to be a hidden source of inspiration during difficult times and a skillful means of cultivating positive qualities.

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The Answer Inside of You

In psychiatry we try to avoid giving advice. I’m sure you’ve experienced a situation where someone tells you about a problem and you think, “Shoot. I know the answer to that.” Our natural impulse is to relay our insight. The problem is that if the person is not ready for the answer then they won’t internalize it or even see it as a solution.

So how do we lead people to make the best possible decisions? First, and foremost, we must get them to dream. Understanding what people hope to achieve and helping them visualize it with clarity are the first steps to helping them actualize their goals. You can then begin to help them build a roadmap to their goals. For example, if someone has a goal to pay off debt and is talking about financing a new car, you can ask them how this decision might impact their goal. This might get them to reconsider their decision, especially if you speak with sincerity and concern.

This topic is related to my last blog post on the power of words (https://thewritingsofjamesagapoff.wordpress.com/2019/08/10/the-power-of-words/). The way we say things matters. Harsh words will make somebody feel like they can’t talk to you, and this will limit your ability to help them now and in the future.

That doesn’t mean we have to be complicit in the bad choices of others. If someone has a goal to quit drinking and continues to drink, we don’t have to buy them alcohol! Being supportive without giving advice means accepting the faults in others and forgiving them when they don’t live up to our expectations.

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The Power of Words

“Kind words can be short and easy to speak, but their echoes are truly endless.” -Mother Teresa

You never know when your words might change someone’s life. In psychiatry, we learn to use our words like a finely tuned instrument, but you don’t need to be an expert clinician to shape the world with your words.

The most powerful words are those that inspire and lift up others. Words can remove fear and break the shackles of depression. Our speech can bring hope and lay a path for lasting change. Through mutual sympathy, our words can complete in each other what the other lacks. This exchange is powerful, transformative, and innately human.

Someone once said, “Be careful with your words. Once they are said, they can be only forgiven, not forgotten.” A few words can wound a friendship or end a relationship. Sometimes you may not even be aware of the damage until years later.

The human tongue is a gift. Wield it wisely. The connections we share are fragile and fleeting so foster them where you can. A few words can make somebody’s day, and make you a hero, over and over.

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